White Lines

  

White Lines

Did you know white lines were ‘invented’ by the Romans who would place white painted stones in the middle of carriageways in busy market towns to control traffic? 

Whatever did the Romans do for us, eh? 

It was ‘re-invented’ at the advent of urban congestion in early Victorian times. Believe it or not London, Norwich, York and Bristol were so congested due to lack of lane discipline, there were queues through the busy centres.

The use of white lines has moved on somewhat since then. 

Solid white lines should never be crossed on a motorway, nor hatched areas. 

But wait. The hard shoulder has a solid white line. And service vehicles park on hatched refuges for safety.

Solid white lines should never be crossed on highways either. Well, the central white line shouldn’t, those in the channels and those outlining hatched areas only outline a feature. Oh and hatching on highways can be crossed too.

Confusing? Well you probably work in the industry, so have at least a basic understanding of it. Imagine the average driver.

But do we really need all these white lines? Currently I wonder whether local authorities all got bought a ‘Whitelining machine’ by Santa over the past couple of years. Wherever there’s an empty black space, it gets filled with hatching. Have a look and ask yourself, ‘Is that needed?’ or ‘What are they trying to advise me?’ After all, hatching on most roads are advisory, and do not stand-up in courts as a mandatory direction under regulations.

What is the point of this hatching?

Why is a traffic lane filled with hatching?

Then, imagine all the way back to Victorian times. White lines were put down to allow persons to pass on each other’s right-hand side. So we’ve had 4 or 5 generations to learn about white lining. It’s in our psyche. So do we need all of them? Certainly hatching in the middle of roads is not needed unless it’s advising you of a right turn bay coming up. It should not be used to separate opposing traffic as the hatched area becomes a no-mans-land, and could be used by both vehicles at the same time travelling towards each other. In Poole hatching is not used on approaches to central refuges, and it looks very smart and tidy – and works. In Wiltshire, on low speed straight roads, no central markings are used, and it slows vehicles down.

We know what side of the road to drive on. Even the ‘Johnny Foreigner’ understands it. Having no white lines slows vehicles down, and brings back eye contact and human interaction. Sure you’ll get the odd idiot who may crash, but we shouldn’t always design for those with a lack of driving skills or common sense.

So let’s try and encourage councils to take up white lines, or at least when they resurface, to redesign or at least reconsider whether all the white lines need replacing. 

Let’s follow Wiltshire and Poole’s examples, it looks nicer, and slows vehicles down, and no one wanders onto the wrong side of the road wondering where to drive.

Well there’s probably always one. Line or no line!

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Does Speed Kill?

  

Does Speed Kill?

(This post is featured in Surveyor Magazine - December 2013 edition)

We must decrease speed and make everyone safer. To do this designers are putting in vertical and horizontal realignments on existing roads. Speed limits are being reduced. Police cameras are being erected and mobile units despatched to stop this huge menace.

Except. That is not quite correct is it?

The amount of deaths on our roads is no longer decreasing substantially, and yet safer routes are being implemented every week. So what is going wrong?

Nothing in that sense, but everything in another.

We have bottomed out as a nation as far as casualties are concerned on the highway. In other words, you will never get zero deaths on the roads. It’s not possible. Stupidity, bad driving, lack of concentration, bad luck, weather, faulty mechanics – all these are random acts and are impossible to design out.

So should we stop trying to make our roads safer? No. However we’re going about it in the wrong way.

For starters I am not anti-camera, but I am anti-cameras being placed in the wrong locations.

It is a fact that mobile speed cameras and static speed cameras are placed to help reduce speeds, but they are not placed in the locations where they are needed for safety. Have you ever seen them outside schools or sports arenas? Or, outside hospitals or elderly residents housing complexes? NO. 

This is because camera units have to be self funding. If they were placed where they would be effective in deterring stupid driving, they wouldn’t generate income. So they are placed in areas where speeds are high, and this tends to be where speed limits are being broken. However, the public is not stupid. Many authorities are turning perfectly good 50mph or 40mph designed roads into 30mph roads. This is where the cameras are stationed. 

The natural speed of a road is not the limit, but the design speed curves, widths, verges and locations. A semi-urban 5m wide lane dual carriageway should never be 30mph, yet councils are reducing these speeds due to a problematic junction or roundabout further up the route. Their thinking is if the approach speed is reduced, then the accidents will reduce. However, my studies have concluded these types of accidents are due to low speed hesitations and mis-timings. Nothing to do with speed, but confidence - lack of, or too much of.

I have looked at hundreds of accident statistics over the years. Less than 1% of these accidents is due to speed alone. Most are non-concentration, carelessness, weather, drink/drugs or non-driver faults (i.e. pedestrian’s fault - very common). Yet there is a common belief that the road must be realigned and the speed reduced, as that is the only answer. This not only misses the point but means the majority of users on that road get a road which is slower for no apparent reason, and so naturally drivers drive to the design speed. I will mention this a lot, but designers must design to the natural speed and desire line of vehicles. 

Too many are designing to force drivers to follow white lines and speed limits that are clearly wrong. I will cover this in my next column.

The problem with reducing semi-urban road limits to 30mph, is that ‘genuine’ 30mph roads such as those in a built up location, means there is no formal reduction in a speed limit. 

As you can see in the pictures (above), why should both of these roads be 30mph? 

Drivers will clearly see a lack of danger in the semi-urban route. 

In fact we all know driving at 30mph past a school at 9am is more dangerous than driving at 90mph on a motorway. 

Not that you’ll find a speed camera outside a school, but you’ll find a camera over the M4 near Chippenham!

Find The Engineer

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0845 021 2468